Author: ["L. Xu","R. B. Myneni","F. S. Chapin III","T. V. Callaghan","J. E. Pinzon","C. J. Tucker","Z. Zhu","J. Bi","P. Ciais","H. Tømmervik","E. S. Euskirchen","B. C. Forbes","S. L. Piao","B. T. Anderson","S. Ganguly","R. R. Nemani","S. J. Goetz","P. S. A. Beck","A. G. Bunn","C. Cao","J. C. Stroeve"]
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Abstract
Pronounced increases in winter temperature result in lower seasonal temperature differences, with implications for vegetation seasonality and productivity. Research now indicates that temperature and vegetation seasonality in northern ecosystems have diminished to an extent equivalent to a southerly shift of 4°– 7° in latitude, and may reach the equivalent of up to 20° over the twenty-first century. Global temperature is increasing, especially over northern lands (>50° N), owing to positive feedbacks1. As this increase is most pronounced in winter, temperature seasonality (ST)—conventionally defined as the difference between summer and winter temperatures—is diminishing over time2, a phenomenon that is analogous to its equatorward decline at an annual scale. The initiation, termination and performance of vegetation photosynthetic activity are tied to threshold temperatures3. Trends in the timing of these thresholds and cumulative temperatures above them may alter vegetation productivity, or modify vegetation seasonality (SV), over time. The relationship between ST and SV is critically examined here with newly improved ground and satellite data sets. The observed diminishment of ST and SV is equivalent to 4° and 7° (5° and 6°) latitudinal shift equatorward during the past 30 years in the Arctic (boreal) region. Analysis of simulations from 17 state-of-the-art climate models4 indicates an additional STdiminishment equivalent to a 20° equatorward shift could occur this century. How SV will change in response to such large projected ST declines and the impact this will have on ecosystem services5 are not well understood. Hence the need for continued monitoring6 of northern lands as their seasonal temperature profiles evolve to resemble thosefurther south.Cite this article
Xu, L., Myneni, R., Chapin III, F. et al. Temperature and vegetation seasonality diminishment over northern lands. Nature Clim Change 3, 581–586 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1836 