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Abstract
The oxidation of water to O2 is a key challenge in the production of chemical fuels from electricity. Although several catalysts have been developed for this reaction, substantial challenges remain towards the ultimate goal of an efficient, inexpensive and robust electrocatalyst. Reported here is the first copper-based catalyst for electrolytic water oxidation. Copper–bipyridine–hydroxo complexes rapidly form in situ from simple commercially available copper salts and bipyridine at high pH. Cyclic voltammetry of these solutions at pH 11.8–13.3 shows large, irreversible currents, indicative of catalysis. The production of O2 is demonstrated both electrochemically and with a fluorescence probe. Catalysis occurs at about 750 mV overpotential. Electrochemical, electron paramagnetic resonance and other studies indicate that the catalyst is a soluble molecular species, that the dominant species in the catalytically active solutions is (2,2′-bipyridine)Cu(OH)2 and that this is among the most rapid homogeneous water-oxidation catalysts, with a turnover frequency of ~100 s−1. Copper and bipyridine (bpy) self-assemble in aqueous solutions at high pH into an active electrocatalyst for the oxidation of water to O2, one of the great challenges in energy catalysis. These solutions contain primarily (bpy)Cu(OH)2, and are robust and active catalysts, albeit at high overpotentials. Cite this article
Barnett, S., Goldberg, K. & Mayer, J. A soluble copper–bipyridine water-oxidation electrocatalyst. Nature Chem 4, 498–502 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1350 