Exocyst function regulated by effector phosphorylation
Author: ["Xiao-Wei Chen","Dara Leto","Junyu Xiao","John Goss","Qian Wang","Jordan A. Shavit","Tingting Xiong","Genggeng Yu","David Ginsburg","Derek Toomre","Zhaohui Xu","Alan R. Saltiel"]
Publication: Nature Cell Biology
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Abstract
The exocyst complex tethers vesicles at sites of fusion through interactions with small GTPases. The G protein RalA resides on Glut4 vesicles, and binds to the exocyst after activation by insulin, but must then disengage to ensure continuous exocytosis. Here we report that, after recognition of the exocyst by activated RalA, disengagement occurs through phosphorylation of its effector Sec5, rather than RalA inactivation. Sec5 undergoes phosphorylation in the G-protein binding domain, allosterically reducing RalA interaction. The phosphorylation event is catalysed by protein kinase C and is reversed by an exocyst-associated phosphatase. Introduction of Sec5 bearing mutations of the phosphorylation site to either alanine or aspartate disrupts insulin-stimulated Glut4 exocytosis, as well as other trafficking processes in polarized epithelial cells and during development of zebrafish embryos. The exocyst thus serves as a ‘gatekeeper’ for exocytic vesicles through a circuit of engagement, disengagement and re-engagement with G proteins. How do exocytic vesicles disengage from the exocyst complex? Phosphorylation of the RalA GTPase effector Sec5, rather than RalA inactivation per se, is now shown to mediate dissociation of the Sec5–RalA complex.
Cite this article
Chen, XW., Leto, D., Xiao, J. et al. Exocyst function regulated by effector phosphorylation. Nat Cell Biol 13, 580–588 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb2226
