Syndecan–syntenin–ALIX regulates the biogenesis of exosomes
Author: ["Maria Francesca Baietti","Zhe Zhang","Eva Mortier","Aurélie Melchior","Gisèle Degeest","Annelies Geeraerts","Ylva Ivarsson","Fabienne Depoortere","Christien Coomans","Elke Vermeiren","Pascale Zimmermann","Guido David"]
Publication: Nature Cell Biology
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Abstract
The biogenesis of exosomes, small secreted vesicles involved in signalling processes, remains incompletely understood. Here, we report evidence that the syndecan heparan sulphate proteoglycans and their cytoplasmic adaptor syntenin control the formation of exosomes. Syntenin interacts directly with ALIX through LYPX(n)L motifs, similarly to retroviral proteins, and supports the intraluminal budding of endosomal membranes. Syntenin exosomes depend on the availability of heparan sulphate, syndecans, ALIX and ESCRTs, and impact on the trafficking and confinement of FGF signals. This study identifies a key role for syndecan–syntenin–ALIX in membrane transport and signalling processes. Exosomes are increasingly recognized as key intermediaries of intercellular communication, yet the mechanisms governing their biogenesis remain unclear. Zimmermann, David and colleagues report that interactions between the transmembrane protein syndecan, its associated protein syntenin and the ESCRT adaptor ALIX are necessary for exosome formation, supporting a role for the ESCRT machinery in this process.
Cite this article
Baietti, M., Zhang, Z., Mortier, E. et al. Syndecan–syntenin–ALIX regulates the biogenesis of exosomes. Nat Cell Biol 14, 677–685 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb2502
